Economics & Data
Data-driven analysis on the technologies, policies, and market forces reshaping the global energy system. Tracking the economics of decarbonization across every major sector.
Global clean energy investment (2025)
Renewable share of global electricity
Direct clean energy jobs worldwide
Solar cost reduction since 2015
Overview
Clean technology encompasses the full range of products, services, and processes that use renewable materials and energy sources, dramatically reduce the use of natural resources, and cut or eliminate emissions and waste. It spans energy generation, storage, transportation, industry, agriculture, and the built environment.
The sector has moved from niche to mainstream. Solar photovoltaics are now the cheapest source of new electricity generation in most of the world. Electric vehicles account for a growing share of new car sales globally. And the policy frameworks supporting decarbonization—from carbon pricing to industrial subsidies—continue to expand in scope and ambition.
Understanding the economics of this transition—the cost curves, the policy incentives, the capital flows, and the competitive dynamics—is essential for anyone seeking to make sense of the changing energy system.
Battery storage costs have declined 40% since 2022, reshaping the economics of grid flexibility. A look at where levelized costs stand across lithium-ion, iron-air, and flow battery technologies—and what the trajectory means for grid architecture.
The EU's carbon border mechanism is now operational, and similar frameworks are emerging across North America and Asia-Pacific.
Tracking electrolyzer costs, utilization rates, and production economics across leading geographies.
Solar, wind, nuclear, grid storage, and the transformation of electricity markets worldwide.
Electric vehicles, sustainable aviation, shipping decarbonization, and charging infrastructure economics.
Steel, cement, chemicals, and the technologies enabling heavy industry decarbonization.
Building efficiency, heat pumps, green construction, and urban energy systems.